Social Plan
What is a social plan?
A social plan is a company agreement setting out measures to prevent, eliminate or mitigate the consequences of a change in operations. According to the Supreme Court, social plans must be specifically tailored to the circumstances; there is no such thing as a preventative social plan. If the operational change entails significant disadvantages for all employees or at least a substantial proportion of the workforce, then a social plan ‘may’ (in view of the possibility of referring the matter to the conciliation board, it actually ‘must’) a social plan be concluded in undertakings which permanently employ at least 20 employees. For this to apply, serious disadvantages must arise for at least a significant proportion of the workforce (a proportion of 10 percent could be taken as a guideline here. A figure of 8 percent of a company’s workforce has not yet been recognised by case law as a significant proportion of the workforce). This disadvantage must be substantial. Trivial inconveniences are not taken into account.
What does a social plan include?
A social plan may include anything that offsets or mitigates the adverse effects of a change in business operations. These include, for example, voluntary severance payments in the event of termination of the employment contract by mutual agreement, retraining measures with continued payment of remuneration, the establishment of or participation in employment foundations, travel allowances in the event of relocation of the business premises, or a commitment not to make further changes within a specified period. Payments made by the employer under social plans are tax-privileged up to certain maximum limits (currently EUR 22,000.00 gross). Compensatory social plans are not permitted; in other words, the social plan must not stipulate measures for specific groups of employees at the expense of others. If the parties at the workplace cannot agree on a uniform social plan, the decision may be referred to a conciliation board. In the employer’s insolvency proceedings, social plans may also be subject to a challenge (under the Insolvency Act). Depending on whether the social plan has already been fulfilled or not, the party against whom the challenge is brought is either the individual employee or the works council.
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